新铁电陶瓷材料PZT热物理性能和相变的研究

采用日本制造的闪光法TLP－18型仪器和线差法的TMA－30型仪器分别测试了PZT（51／49）铁电陶瓷的导温系数和热膨胀系数,并研究了温度,相变,极化处理和晶轴对其物理性能的影响,结果表明,在相变发生时,热物理性能产生了突变;导温系数随着温度而增大,而热膨胀系数却随着温度升高而减小,这为铁电陶瓷材料的相变研究提供了重要的理论依据。     

强冲击载荷下岩石本构关系研究

研究脆性岩石在强冲击载荷下的力学响应特必和一级轻气炮驱动的飞片撞击实验技术,测量大理岩试件组成的靶板中的应力脉冲波形;应用拉氏分析方法,探讨岩石在高应变率下的力学性质和变形特征。分析得到岩石动态本构关系,深化了对岩石力学性质的认识。     

Synthesis of N-acetamide C60 nitride and its performance of optical limiting

N-acetamide C₆₀ nitride (N-acetamide-1,2-dihydro-1,2-aza-fullerene [60]) has been synthesized by the reaction of C₆₀ and azidoacetamide and initially characterized. Its mechanism was that the objective product is formed through intermediate triazoline. The computational study shows that N-nitride structure is thermodynamically more stable by using the semi-empirical AM1 SCF-MO method. The properties of optical limiting were tested by using double frequency Nd: YAG pulse laser system and showed that the optical limiting mechanism is reverse saturation absorption. At wavelength of 532 nm, compared with optical limiting for ns pulse, this new material has good optical limiting character for ps pulse. At wavelength of 707 nm, the capacity of optical limiting of the derivative is prior to C₆₀.     

氮化物颗粒补强石英基复合材料的制备和性能研究

热压制备了氮化物颗粒补强石英基复合材料,研究了氮化物颗粒的引入对石英基复合材料力学性能、介电性能和热学性能的影响．结果说明,氮化物颗粒的引入对石英基复合材料的力学性能有显的补强增韧作用;介电损耗在指标值以内,且随测试温度变化不大;以AlN为第二相的石英基复合材料其临界热震温差在600℃左右,复合引入AlN Si3N4时复合材料的热学性能无明显改善,而复合引入AlN BN使复合材料的临界热震温差提高到1000℃．复合引入AlN BN的石英基复合材料因为有着较好的力学性能、介电性能和热学性能等综合性能而有望用作天线窗材料。     

原位合成TiB/Ti复合材料的微观结构及力学性能

利用钛与硼之间的自蔓延高温合成反应经普通的熔铸工艺原位合成制备了TiB增强的钛基复合材料.通过XRD、SEM、TEM和HREM等分析方法测试了合成材料的物相及微观结构.结果表明原位合成的增强体为TiB,合金化元素铝的加入并不导致新相形成,增强体均匀地分布在基体合金上.由于TiB的B27结构导致TiB易于沿[010]方向生长而长成短纤维状.增强体与基体合金界面非常洁净,没有任何界面反应.由于原位合成增强体的加入,复合材料的力学性能与基体合金比较有了明显的提高.     

Ti-47Al-1.5Cr-0.5Mn-2.8Nb合金高温力学性能应变速率敏感性及机制分析

在温度1123～1273K和应变速率5×10-5～5×10-3s-1范围内,研究了具有复相组织的Ti-47Al-1.5Cr-0.5Mn-2.8Nb合金拉伸性能的应变速率敏感性.发现提高应变速率或降低温度均可使合金的延伸率下降、强度增加,不同温度下拉伸强度与应变速率对数之间存在线性关系;利用热激活理论不仅解释了这一关系,还获得了应变速率方程,指出控制合金拉伸形变的微观机制是原子扩散过程.形变亚结构透射电镜观察证实该微观机制是位错攀移     

纳米材料特点及研究动态

综合纳米材料的早期和近期研究成果,阐述了作为一种新兴材料的纳米晶体的结构特点,并总结了纳米材料的一些特异性能及制备方法;在讲述了纳米材料研究现状及应用之后,提出了展望。     

掺杂磁性材料的聚苯胺电磁参数及吸波性能的研究

制备了两种磁性材料与聚苯胺合成的材料,采用3cm波导式测量线在8HGz-14GHz频率范围内,测量有关数据,用多点拟合的实验方法和计算方法对这类复合聚苯胺的电磁参数及微波吸收特性曲线参数进行了测量．实验结果表明,通过调节磁性材料与苯胺的反应质量比例,从而可以调节复合聚苯胺的电导率,进而调节其电磁参数,最终可以达到调节反射系数R,并找到最大R值及最大吸收频宽的目的。     

Determination of Mechanical Properties of Micromembranes with Compressive Residual Stress

A novel model of a load-deflection method to determine the mechanical properties of micromembranes with compressive residual stress is described. Since thin film structures are frequently used in micro devices, characterisation of mechanical properties of thin films is desired by the design and fabrication of micromachines. In this paper, the mechanical properties of thin micromembranes under compressive stress are characterised, which are fabricated by bulk micromachining. The relation between the center deflection and the load pressure on a square membrane is deduced by modelling the membrane as an elastic plate having large deflection with clamped boundaries. According to the model, whether the membrane has initial deflection or not has no effect on the measurement result. The Young's modulus and residual stress are simultaneously determined. The mechanical properties of siliconoxide, silicon nitride membranes and composite membranes of polysilicon with silicon nitride are measured.     

基于立体摄像几何特性的视差匹配快速算法

提出了一种基于立体摄像系统几何特性的视差匹配快速算法,根据视差的方向性和均匀性,采用方向－有限搜索以及抽样模板,迅速准确地搜索视差,与完全搜索算法相比,在保持重建图像质量的前提下,可大幅度降低计算复杂度。